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1 virki
* * *n.2) stronghold, castle.* * *a, m., gen. virkja, a worker, doer; in compds, íll-virki, spell-v. -
2 VIRKI
* * *n.2) stronghold, castle.* * *n. = verk, Anecd. 8 new Ed.: esp. in compds, íll-virki, stór-v., þrek-v., mann-v., qq. v.II. a work (= wark in bulwark, Southwark, etc.), wall, stronghold, castle, Bs. i. 672, Landn. 69; hann lét göra kirkju á Agðanesi, ok þar virki ok höfn, Fms. vii. 100; virki þat er heitir Skarðaborg, the work that is called Scarborough, Korm. 24, Stj. 509, O. H. L. 10; virkis-armr, the wing of a castle, Nj. 247; virkis-dyrr, -garðr, -horn, -hurð, -veggr, -stokkr, Fms. iii. 148, Sturl. i. 31, Krók. 56, Bs. i. 672, Eb. 310, Gullþ. 10; virkis-maðr, a defender in a work, Eb. 310; Suðr-virki, Southward in London, O. H. L.2. in mod. usage the wooden frame of a saddle is called virki (söðul-virki).3. a building; lögðu fjár-hluti til þessa helga virkis, O. H. L. 78; til kirkju virkisins, 86. virkis-búð, the name of one of the booths in the alþing, see búð. -
3 FORR
adj. forward; of sljór eðr of forr, too slow or too forward, Thom. 279:—haughty, forr ok framhvass, 180; harðla forr, ef nökkut reis við, id.:—as adv. quickly, vinna fort, to work eagerly, Bs. ii. 93; snúast fort, to whirl (as a wheel or a spindle), 443 (in a verse): the mod. phrase, fara fort (of fort) í e-t, to go too far ( too keenly) into a thing. -
4 RASA
(að), v.1) to rush on headlong (sliks er mér ván, þú fórt rasandi mjök); r. fyrir ráð fram, to blunder grievously;2) to stumble (hestr rasaði undir honum).* * *að, to rush headlong; slíks er mér ván, sagði Höskuldr, þú fórt rasandi mjök, Nj. 155; en rasa eigi eptir reiði sinni, Fb. ii. 303; hefir þetta fólk farit æst ok rasanda, Fms. xi. 275: the saying, rasa fyrir ráð fram, Ld. 242; hætt er rasanda ráði, a saw, Pass. 48. 12; rasandi reiði, Mar.; rasa fram, to rush forwards, Al 23.II. to stumble; hestr rasaði undir honum, Landn. 146; hestr Guðmundar rasaði Fms. iii. 184; ef blindr leiðir blindan þá rasa þeir báðir, 655 xx. 3: þá rasar Sturla ok feilr, Bs. i. 527; Þorbjörn karl gékk fyrir ok fór mjök rasandi (staggering, Ed. hrasandi), Hrafn. 15. -
5 TELJA
* * *(tel; talda; taliðr, taldr, talinn), v.1) to count, number (G. biskup hafði telja látit bœndr á Íslandi);telja kyn sitt til e-s, eiga til e-s at telja, to trace one’s descent from;þótt þú eigir frændsemi at telja við mik, though thou canst reckon thyself my kith and kin;2) to tell, say, set forth;hann taldi litla sína fýsi at róa lengra, he said that he had little mind for rowing farther;telja tölu, to make a speech, preach a sermon;3) to reckon, consider (H. telr sik nú hraustari mann en áðr var hann);telja sér e-t, to claim for oneself, reckon as one’s property (Þ. krókr taldi sér dalinn, ok kallaði hann þat sitt landnám);4) telja fyrir vindi, to go well before the wind, of a ship (skipin voru örskreið ok töldu vel fyrir vindinum);5) with preps., telja e-t af, to dissuade;telja e-t af fyrir e-m, to dissuade one from;telja at e-u, to blame, find fault with, object to (man ek ekki at telja, þó at þú trúir á þat goð, er þér líkar);telja á e-n, to rebuke, blame;telja e-t eptir e-m, to grudge one a thing (ekki tel ek mat eptir ykkr);telja fyrir e-m, to try to persuade one (S. boðaði Þangbrandi heiðni ok taldi lengi fyrir honum);telja trú fyrir e-m, to preach the gospel to one;telja e-t ofan, to dissuade from;telja til e-s, to claim (taldi hann til ríkis);telja e-t upp, to enumerate, reckon up (þá taldi Þ. upp konur þær, sem vóru í Borgarfirði úgiptar);6) refl., teljast undan e-u, to decline, refuse (telst hann undan förinni).* * *pres. tel, telr, tel, pl. teljum, telit, telja; pret. talði and taldi, pl. tölðu; subj. telði; imperat. tel, teldú; part. taliðr, taldr, and talinn; neut. older form talt, then talið: plur. neut. talið, Gh. 20; thus in Edda i. 401, v. l. 22, all forms occur, tolð, taulld, i. e. töld, talin, see also the references below: with pron. suff. tel-k, Stor. 22: neg. suff. telr-at, Grág. (Kb.) i. 178: [A. S. tellan, telian; Engl. tell; Dan. tælle; Germ. zählen.]B. To tell, count, number; árum at telja, Vsp. 6; nú hefi ek dverga talða, 12; meðan teljum hans ætt til goða, Ht., Vsp. 14; talði aura, Skv. 3. 37; t. fé í haga, skalat fyl telja, Grág. ii. 258; skalat úmögum fé t., K. Þ. K. 142; t. ætt e-s, Mar.; töldu margir kyn sitt til hans, Ld. 12; sá maðr talði frændsemi, telja knérunnum, … ef maðr telr rangt, Grág. i. 28; talðir til arfs, 172; talðir, Edda i. 482; þótt þú eigir frændsemi at t. við mik, Nj. 42: t. sér e-t, to claim; Þórarinn krókr taldi sér dalinn, Gullþ. 4; þá taldi hann til ríkis, Fb. ii. 70.II. to tell, say, mention; ef it betra telk, Stor.; fyr telja (Dan. fortælle) fornspjöll, Vsp. 1; telja böl af trega, … t. móðug spjöll, … trauðmál talið, … tregróf um talið, to tell a woful tale, Og. 12, Gh. 1, 9, 21; t. tíva fyr fyrða liði, to tell tales of the gods before men, Hm. 160: to call, say, þat tel ek undr, Yt.; hann talði litla sína fýsi at róa lengra, he said he had little mind for roving farther, Hým. 20; talði honum happ ef …, Am. 87; lífs tel ek ván önga, 88; as a law term in pleading in court, tel ek ( I declare) hann eiga at verða um sök þá sekan, Nj. 229; tel ek hann af sök þeirri sekjan fjörbaugs-mann, Grág. i. 365, 366; eigi síðarr enn nú er talið, told, 18; þá talði Þórðr Gellir tölu um at Lögbergi, … ok talði hvat honum varð fyrir, áðr …, then Thord Gellir spoke at length on the Law-hill, and told how much trouble it cost him, ere …, Jb. 8.2. to talk, speak; Skeggi kvað engan mann t. af sér þat er hann ætti, talk it from him, talk him out of his own property, Grett. 93 A; telr hann merkiliga tölu, preached a remarkable sermon, Bs. i. 465; fær Porus talt huginn í þá, he put courage into them by his speech, Al. 142; talði hann honum allt hversu hann kom þangat, Str. 10; Saulus talði á mót Gyðingum, spoke against the Jews, 656 C. 13; Gyðingar tölðu i gegn Páli, 15; Guð, sá er svá telr (tölr Cod.) ‘gefit allt’…, Blas. 43; tjá ok telja, Fms. ii. 157.III. with prepp.; telja af, to dissuade, Eg. 765: telja at e-u, to blame, find fault with, object to, Fms. i. 35, x. 38, Eg. 252, Nj. 66: t. á e-n, to charge (átölur); með því at hvárir-tveggi teli nökkut á aðra, Fms. x. 28; þeir þóttusk mikit eiga at telja á við Dani, 50, Nj. 26; er talið einlát á hendr honum, he is charged with ‘einlát, Grág. i. 178, Ld. 282: t. fram, to tell out, count out; t. kvið fram, Grág. i. 53; t. vætti fram, Nj. 233: t. eptir, to grudge. Fms. ii. 150 (eptir-tölur): t. ofan, to dissuade, xi. 11: t. upp, to tell up, enumerate, Nj. 22, Fms. i. 21, 80: t. fyr, to tell, narrate, record (Dan. fortælle), Vsp. 1; t. fyrir e-m, to persuade (for-tölur), Nj. 160; t. trú fyrir e-m, to preach the gospel for one, 623. 28, 656 C. 19: t. til, to claim, Eg. 338, Fms. xi. 388; t. til við e-n, to count, plead; á ek hvárki at t. til við þik mægðir né frændsemi, Nj. 213; skaltú til telja skatna marga, Hdl.: t. um e-t, langt es um þat at telja, ‘tis a long tale to tell, 655 xiii. A. 2; t. um fyrir e-m, to persuade, Fms. xi. 105: t. við, to speak against, Greg. 29.IV. the naut. term, telja fyrir vindi, to be going well through the water, of a ship, but only in the pret.; var byrr góðr ok tölðu (tolþo Cod.) snekkjurnar ekki lengi fyrir vindi, the wind was fair, and the smacks were making good way, Ó. H. 104; töldu snekkjurnar ekki lengi fjörðinn fyrir vindinum, Fms. iv. 237, l. c.; skipin vóru örskreið ok töldu vel fyrir vindinum, the ships were fast, and went well before the wind, i. 100; töldu snekkjurnar skjótt fyrir vindinum, Orkn. 412; the phrase is now obsolete, but an analogy is found in lesa (lesa …, esp. as in the phrase lesa hafit, Fs. 28).V. reflex., telsk saman frændsemi þeirra, they prove to be relations, N. G. L. i. 350; ekki var ek hér til með þjófum talin, Fms. vi. 106; em ek eigi ráðspakr taliðr, Skv. 1; þú munt taliðr ættar-spillir, Ísl. ii. (in a verse); teljask með dugandi mönnum, Fms. xi. 270; í Bjarka-málum eru tölð (tóð Kb. erroneously) mörg gulls heiti, Edda i. 400, v. l. 22; engi fær talt með tungu, Líkn.; nú hefi ek talt tíu landreka, Fb. ii. 524 (in a verse); er þat enn útalt ( untold) at …, Fms. vi. 222; svá mikit sem til telsk, in proportion (til-tala), Grág. i. 270; þat telsk svá til, it turns out, of accounts; teljask undan, to excuse oneself, decline, Fms. iii. 109, x. 99, Nj. 200.2. to say of oneself; teljumk ek nú aðili at sök þeirri, Grág. i. 365, 366; talðisk eigi vita sér ván verka-manna, told that he knew of none, Edda 48; telsk mér þat helzt í hug (Lat. animum inducere), Eg. 521; þat talðisk lengstum í huginn at hugsa, ef …, Ó. H. 195; þeir tölðusk ílla við komnir, 51.3. part., talið silfr, counted silver, i. e. the wadmal-standard, opp. to vegit, Grág. i. 500; ú-taldr, untold, uncounted; van-talið, of-talið. -
6 borgar-armr
m. the arm, wing of a fort, Fms. v. 280. -
7 borgar-görð
f. the building of a fort, Edda 26, Fms. viii. 180. -
8 borgar-hlið
n. the gate of a fort, Edda 26, Stj. 350, Hkr. i. 217, Ver. 25. -
9 borgar-hreysi
n. the ruins of a fort, Karl. 101. -
10 borgar-klettr
m. a rock on which a fort is built, Fms. viii. 284. -
11 borgar-lím
n. lime for building a fort, Bret. 106. -
12 borgar-smíð
f. the building of a town ( fort), Stj., cp. Edda 28. -
13 borgar-veggr
m. the wall of a fort ( town), Orkn. 376, Fms. i. 104, Hkr. i. 217, Ver. 24. -
14 FARA
go* * *(fer; fór, fórum; farinn), v.1) to move, pass along, go;gekk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went;fara heim (heiman), to go home (from home);fara á fund e-s to visit one;fjöld ek fór, I travelled much;hann sagði, hversu orð fóru með þeim, what words passed between them;absol., to go begging (ómagar, er þar eigu at fara í því þingi);2) with ‘ferð, leið’ or the like added in acc., gen., or dat.;fara leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, proceed on one’s journey (= fara ferðar sinnar or ferða sinna, fara ferð sina, fara för sina, förum sínum);fara þessa ferð, to make this journey;fara fullum dagleiðum, to travel a full days journeys;fara stefnuför, to go a-summoning;fara bónorðsför, to go a-wooing;fara sigrför, to go on the path of victory, to triumph;fara góða för, to make a lucky journey;fig., fara ósigr, to be defeated;fara mikinn skaða, to suffer great damage;fara hneykju, skömm, to incur disgrace;fara erendleysu, to fail in one’s errand;with the road in acc. (fara fjöll ok dala);3) fara búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode;fara eldi ok arni, to move one’s hearth and fire;4) fara einn saman, to go alone;fara eigi ein saman, to go with child (= fara með barni);5) with infin.;fara sofa, to go to sleep (allir menn vóru sofa farnir);fara vega, to go to fight;fara leita, to go seeking (var leita farit);6) with an a., etc.;fara villr, to go astray;fara haltr, to walk lame;fara vanstiltr, to go out of one’s mind;fara duldr e-s, to be unaware of;fara andvígr e-m, to give battle;fara leyniliga (leynt), to be kept secret;eigi má þetta svá fara, this cannot go on in that way;fjarri ferr þat, far from it, by no means;fór þat fjarri, at ek vilda, I was far from desiring it;7) to turn out, end;fór þat sem líkligt var, it turned out as was likely (viz. ended ill);svá fór, at, the end was, that;ef svá ferr sem ek get til, if it turns out as I guess;á sómu leið fór um aðra sendimenn, it went the same way with the other messengers;8) to fare well, ill;biðja e-n vel fara, to bid one farewell;9) to suit, fit, esp. of clothes, hair (ekki þykkir mér kyrtill þinn fara betr en stakkr minn; hárit fór vel);impers., fór illa á hestinum, it sat ill on the horse;10) impers., e-m ferr vel, illa, one behaves or acts well, ill;honum hafa öll málin verst farit, he has behaved worst in the whole matter;e-m ferr vinveittliga, one behaves in a friendly way;11) fara e-t höndum, to touch with the hands, esp. of a healing touch, = fara höndum um e-t (bið hann fara höndum meinit);fara land herskildi, brandi, to visit a land with ‘warshield’, with fire, to ravage or devastate it (gekk síðan á land upp með liði sínu ok fór alit herskildi);12) to overtake (Án hrísmagi var þeirra skjótastr ok gat farit sveininn);tunglit ferr sólina, the moon overtakes the sun;áðr hana Fenrir fari, before F. overtakes her;13) to ill-treat, treat cruelly;menn sá ek þá, er mjök höfðu hungri farit hörund, that had chastened their flesh with much fasting;14) to put an end to, destroy;fara sér (sjálfr), to kill oneself;fara lífi (fjörvi) e-s, to deprive one of life;þú hefir sigr vegit ok Fáfni (dat.) um farit, killed F.;15) to forfeit (fara löndum ok lausafé);16) refl., farast;17) with preps. and advs.:fara af klæðum, to take off one’s clothes;fara at e-m, to make an attack upon, to assault (eigi mundi í annat sinn vænna at fara at jarlinum);fara at e-u, to mind, pay heed to;ekki fer ek at, þótt þú hafir svelt þik til fjár (it does not matter to me, I do not care, though);to deal with a thing, proceed in a certain way;svá skal at sókn fara, thus is the pleading to be proceeded with;fara at lögum, úlögum, to proceed lawfully, unlawfully;fara mjúkliga at, to proceed gently;hér skulu við fara at með ráðum, act with, deliberation;impers. with dat., to do, behave;illa hefir mér at farit, I have done my business badly; to go in pusuit (search) of (víkingar nökkurir þeir sem fóru at féföngum);fara at fuglaveiðum, to go a-fowling;fara at fé, to tend sheep;fara á e-n, to come upon one;sigu saman augu, þá er dauðinn fór á, when death seized him;fara á hæl or hæli, to step back, retreat;fara eptir e-m, to follow one;fara eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (Snorri goði fór eptir líkinu; fara eptir vatni); to accommodate oneself to, conform to (engi vildi eptir öðrum fara);þau orð er eptir fara, the following words;fara fram, to go on, take place;ef eigi ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes place;veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast went on well;spyrr, hvat þar fœri fram, he asked, what was going on there;fara fram ráðum e-s, to follow one’s advice;allt mun þat sínu fram fara, it will take its own course;kváðu þat engu gegna ok fóru sínu fram, took their own way;segir honum, hversu þeir fóru fram, how they acted;fara e-t fram, to do., perform a thing;spyrr hann, hvat nú sé fram faranda, what is to be done;fara fyrir e-t, to pass for, be taken for (fari sá fyrir níðing, er);fara hjá sér, to be beside oneself;fara í e-t, to go into (fara í tunnu);fara í sæng, rekkju, to go to bed;fara í sess sinn, sæti sitt, to take one’s seat;fara í klæði, to put on clothes, dress;fara í vápn, brynju, to put on armour;fara í lag, to go right or straight again (þá fóru brýnn hans í lag);fara í vöxt, to increase;fara í þurð, to wane;fara í hernað, víking, to go a-freebooting;nú ferr í úvænt efni, now matters look hopeless;to happen, occur (alit þat, er í hafði farit um nóttina);fara með e-t, to wield handle, manage;fór Hroptr með Gungni, H. wielded (the spear) Gungnir;fara með goðorð, to hold a goðorð;fara með sök, to manage a lawsuit;to practice, deal in;fara með rán, to deal in robbery;fara með spott ok háð, to go scoffing and mocking;fara með galdra ok fjölkyngi, to practice sorcery;to deal with, treat, handle (þú munt bezt ok hógligast með hann fara);fara af hljóði með e-t, to keep matters secret;fara með e-m, to go with one, follow one (ek skal með yðr fara með allan minn styrk);fara með e-u, to do (so and so) with a thing, to deal with, manage;hvernig þeir skyldu fara með vápnum sínum, what they were to do with their weapons;sá maðr, er með arfinum ferr, who manages the inheritance;fara með málum sínum, to manage one’s case;fara vel með sínum háttum, to bear oneself well;undarliga fara munkar þessir með sér, these monks behave strangely;fara með barni, to go with child;impers., ferr með þeim heldr fáliga, they are on indifferent terms;fara ór landi, to leave the country;fara ór klæðum, fötum, to take off one’s clothes, undress;fara saman, to go together; to shake, shudder;fór en forna fold öll saman, shivered all through;to concur, agree (hversu má þat saman f);fara til svefns, to go to sleep (= fara at sofa);fara um e-t, to travel over (fara um fjall);fara höndum um e-n, to stroke or touch one with the hands (hann fór höndum um þá, er sjúkir vóru);fara mörgum orðum um e-t, to dilate upon a subject;fara myrkt um e-t, to keep a matter dark;fara undan, to excuse oneself (from doing a thing), to decline, refuse (hvat berr til, at þú ferr undan at gera mér veizluna);borð fara upp, the tables are removed;fara út, to go from Norway to Iceland; to come to a close, run out (fóru svá út þessir fimm vetr);fara útan, to go abroad (from Iceland);fara við e-n, to treat one, deal with one in a certain way;margs á, ek minnast, hve við mik fóruð, I have many things to remember of your dealings with me;fara yfir e-t, to go through;nú er yfir farit um landnám, now an account of the settlements has been given;skjótt yfir at fara, to be brief.* * *pret. fóra, 2nd pers. fórt, mod. fórst, pl. fóru; pres. ferr, 2nd pers. ferr, in mod. pronunciation ferð; pret. subj. færa; imperat. far and farðu (= far þú); sup. farit; part. farinn; with the suffixed neg. fór-a, Am. 45; farið-a ( depart not), Hkr. i. 115 MS. (in a verse). [In the Icel. scarcely any other verb is in so freq. use as fara, as it denotes any motion; not so in other Teut. idioms; in Ulf. faran is only used once, viz. Luke x. 7; Goth. farjan means to sail, and this seems to be the original sense of fara (vide far); A. S. faran; the Germ. fahren and Engl. fare are used in a limited sense; in the Engl. Bible this word never occurs (Cruden); Swed. fara; Dan. fare.]A. NEUT. to go, fare, travel, in the widest sense; gékk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went, Hkr. i. 100; né ek flý þó ek ferr, I fly not though I fare, Edda (in a verse); létt er lauss at fara (a proverb), Sl. 37: the saying, verðr hverr með sjálfum sér lengst at fara, Gísl. 25; cp. ‘dass von sich selbst der Mensch nicht scheiden kann’ (Göthe’s Tasso), or the Lat. ‘patriae quis exul se quoque fugit?’ usually in the sense to go, to depart, heill þú farir, heill þú aptr komir, Vþm. 4; but also to come, far þú hingat til mín, come here, Nj. 2.2. to travel, go forth or through, pass, or the like; þú skalt fara í Kirkjubæ, Nj. 74; fara ór landi, to fare forth from one’s country, Fms. v. 24; kjóll ferr austan, Vsp. 51; Surtr ferr sunnan, 52; snjór var mikill, ok íllt at fara, and ill to pass, Fms. ix. 491; fóru þeir út eptir ánni, Eg. 81; siðan fór Egill fram með skóginum, 531; þeim sem hann vildi at færi … Njáll hét at fara, Nj. 49; fara munu vér, Eg. 579; Egill fór til þess er hann kom til Álfs. 577, Fms. xi. 122; fara þeir nú af melinum á sléttuna. Eg. 747; fara heiman, to fare forth from one’s home, K. Þ. K. 6; alls mik fara tíðir, Vþm. 1; fjölð ek fór, far I fared, i. e. travelled far, 3: the phrase, fara utan, to fare outwards, go abroad (from Iceland), passim; fara vestr um haf, to fare westward over the sea, i. e. to the British Isles, Hkr. i. 101; fara á fund e-s, to visit one, Ld. 62; fara at heimboði, to go to a feast, id.; fara fæti, to fare a-foot, go walking, Hkr.; absol. fara, to travel, beg, hence föru-maðr, a vagrant, beggar; in olden times the poor went their rounds from house to house within a certain district, cp. Grág. i. 85; ómagar er þar eigu at fara í því þingi eðr um þau þing, id.; ómagar skolu fara, 119; omegð þá er þar ferr, 296: in mod. usage, fara um and um-ferð, begging, going round.β. with prep.: fara at e-m, to make an inroad upon one, Nj. 93, 94, 102 (cp. at-för); fara á e-n, to mount, e. g. fara á bak, to mount on horseback; metaph., dauðinn fór á, death seized him, Fms. xi. 150; f. saman, to go together, Edda 121, Grág. ii. 256; f. saman also means to shudder. Germ. zusammenfahren, Hým. 24: metaph. to concur, agree, hversu má þat saman f., Nj. 192; þeim þótti þat mjök saman f., Fms. iv. 382; fara á hæl, or á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. step back. retreat, xi. 278, Eg. 296; fara undan, metaph. to excuse oneself, refuse (v. undan), Nj. 23, Fms. x. 227; fara fyrir, to proceed; fara eptir, to follow.3. with ferð, leið or the like added, in acc. or gen. to go one’s way; fara leiðar sinnar, to proceed on one’s journey, Eg. 81, 477, Fms. i. 10, Grág. ii. 119; fara ferðar sinnar, or ferða sinna, id.. Eg. 180, Fms. iv. 125; fara derð sina, id.. Eg. 568; fara förum sínum, or för sinní, id., K. Þ. K. 80, 90; fara dagfari ok náttfari, to travel day and night, Fms. i. 203; fara fullum dagleiðum, to go full days-journeys, Grág. i. 91; or in a more special sense, fara þessa ferð, to make this journey, Fas. ii. 117; f. stefnu-för, to go a-summoning; f. bónorðs-för, to go a-courting, Nj. 148; f. sigr-för, to go on the way of victory, to triumph, Eg. 21; fara sendi-för, to go on a message, 540.β. in a metaph. sense; fara hneykju-för, to be shamefully beaten, Hrafn. 19 (MS.); fara ósigr, to be defeated, Eg. 287; fara mikinn skaða, to ‘fare’ (i. e. suffer) great damage, Karl. 43; fara því verrum förum, fara skömm, hneykju, erendleysu, úsæmð, to get the worst of it, Fms. viii. 125.4. with the road in acc.; hann fór Vánar-skarð, Landn. 226; f. sjó-veg, land-veg, K. Þ. K. 24; fór mörg lönd ok stórar merkr, Fas. ii. 540; fara sömu leið, Fms. i. 70; f. sama veg, Luke x. 31; f. fjöll ok dala, Barl. 104; fara út-leið, þjóð-leið, Fms. iv. 260; also, fara um veg, fara um fjall, to cross a fell, Hm. 3; fara liði, to march, Fms. i. 110.II. in a more indefinite sense, to go; fara búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode, Ld. 56, Hkr. ii. 177, Nj. 151, Vigl. 30; fara búferla, to more one’s household, Grág. ii. 409; fara vöflunarförum, to go a-begging, i. 163, 294, ii. 482.2. the phrases, fara eldi ok arni, a law term, to move one’s hearth and fire. Grág. ii. 253; fara eldi um land, a heathen rite for taking possession of land, defined in Landn. 276. cp. Eb. 8, Landn. 189, 284.3. fara einn-saman, to be alone. Grág. ii. 9; the phrase, f. eigi einn-saman, to be not alone, i. e. with child, Fms. iii. 109; or, fór hón með svein þann, Bs. i. 437; cp. ganga með barni.4. adding an adj., to denote gait, pace, or the like; fara snúðigt, to stride haughtily, Nj. 100; fara mikinn, to rush on, 143; fara flatt, to fall flat, tumble, Bárð. 177; fara hægt, to walk slowly.β. fara til svefns, to go to sleep, Nj. 35; f. í sæti sitt, to go to one’s seat, 129; f. í sess, Vþm. 9; f. á bekk, 19; fara á sæng, to go to bed, N. G. L. i. 30; fara í rúmið, id. (mod.); fara í mannjöfnuð, Ísl. ii. 214; fara í lag, to be put straight, Eg. 306; fara í vöxt, to wax, increase, Fms. ix. 430, Al. 141; fara í þurð, to wane, Ld. 122, l. 1 (MS.); fara í úefni, to go to the wrong side, Sturl. iii. 210; fara at skakka, to be odd ( not even). Sturl. ii. 258; fara at sölum, to be put out for sale, Grág. ii. 204.5. fara at fuglum, to go a-fowling, Orkn. (in a verse); fara at fugla-veiðum, id., Bb. 3. 36; fara í hernað, í víking, to go a-freebooting, Fms. i. 33, Landn. 31; fara at fé, to watch sheep, Ld. 240; fara at fé-föngum, to go a-fetching booty, Fms. vii. 78.β. with infin., denoting one’s ‘doing’ or ‘being;’ fara sofa, to go to sleep, Eg. 377; fara vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 54, Gm. 23; fara at róa, Vígl. 22; fara leita, to go seeking, Fms. x. 240; fara að búa, to set up a household, Bb. 2. 6; fara að hátta, to go to bed.γ. akin to this is the mod. use of fara with an infin. following in the sense to begin, as in the East Angl. counties of Engl. it ‘fares’ to …, i. e. it begins, is likely to be or to do so and so; það fer að birta, það er farit að dimma, it ‘fares’ to grow dark; það fer að hvessa, it ‘fares’ to blow; fer að rigna, it ‘fares’ to rain. etc.:—no instance of this usage is recorded in old Icel., but the Engl. usage shews that it must be old.δ. with an adj. etc.; fara villr, to go astray, Sks. 565; fara haltr, to go lame, Fms. x. 420; fara vanstiltr, to go out of one’s mind, 264; fara hjá sér, to be beside oneself, Eb. 270; fara apr, to feel chilly, Fms. vi. 237 (in a verse); fara duldr e-s, to be unaware of, Skálda 187 (in a verse); fara andvígr e-m, to give battle, Stor. 8; fara leyniliga, to go secretly, be kept hidden, Nj. 49.6. to pass; fór sú skipan til Íslands, Fms. x. 23; fara þessi mál til þings, Nj. 100; hversu orð fóru með þeim, how words passed between them, 90; fóru þau orð um, the runner went abroad, Fms. i. 12; ferr orð er um munn líðr (a saying), iv. 279; þá fór ferligt úorðan, a bad report went abroad, Hom. 115.7. fara fram, to go on, take place; ferr þetta fram, Ld. 258; ef eigi ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes place, K. Þ. K. 64; ferr svá fram, and so things went on without a break, Nj. 11, Eg. 711; veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast went on well, Nj. 11, 51; spyrr hvat þar færi fram, he asked what there was going on. Band. 17; fór allt á sömu leið sem fyrr, it went on all the same as before, Fms. iv. 112; fara fram ráðum e-s, to follow one’s advice, Nj. 5, 66, Fms. vii. 318; allt mun þat sínu fram f., it will take its own course, Nj. 259; nú er því ferr fram um hríð, it went on so for a while, Fms. xi. 108; a law term, to be produced, gögn fara fram til varnar, Grág. i. 65; dómar fara út, the court is set (vide dómr), Grág., Nj., passim.8. borð fara upp brott, the tables are removed (vide borð), Eg. 247, 551; eigi má þetta svá f., this cannot go on in that way, Nj. 87; fjarri ferr þat, far from it, by no means, 134; fór þat fjarri at ek vilda, Ld. 12; fór þat ok svá til, and so if came to pass, Fms. x. 212.9. to turn out, end; hversu ætlar þú fara hesta-atið, Nj. 90; fór þat sem likligt var, it turned out as was likely (i. e. ended ill). Eg. 46; svá fór, at …, the end was, that …, Grett. 81 new Ed.; ef svá ferr sem ek get til, if it turns out as I guess, Dropl. 30, Vígl. 21; ef svá ferr sem mín orð horfa til, Fms. v. 24; ef svá ferr sem mik varir, if it comes to pass as it seems to me, vi. 350; svá fór um sjóferð þá, Bjarni 202; á sömu leið fór um aðra sendi-menn, Eg. 537; to depart, die, þar fór nýtr maðr, Fs. 39; fara danða-yrði, to pass the death-weird, to die, Ýt. 8.10. to fare well, ill, in addressing; fari þér vel, fare ye well, Nj. 7; biðja e-n vel fara, to bid one farewell, Eg. 22, Ld. 62; far heill ok sæll, Fms. vii. 197: in a bad sense, far þú nú þar, ill betide thee! Hbl. 60; far (impers.) manna armastr, Eg. 553; Jökull bað hann fara bræla armastan, Finnb. 306; fari þér í svá gramendr allir, Dropl. 23.11. fara í fat, í brynju (acc.), etc., to dress, undress; but fara ór fötum (dat.), to undress, Fms. x. 16, xi. 132, vii. 202, Nj. 143, Gh. 16, etc.III. metaph.,1. to suit, fit, esp. of clothes, hair, or the like; ekki þykkir mér kyrtill þinn fara betr en stakkr minn, Fas. ii. 343; hárið fór vel, Nj. 30; jarpr á hár ok fór vel hárit, Fms. ii. 7; gult hár sem silki ok fór fagrliga, vi. 438, Fs. 88; klæði sem bezt farandi, Eb. 256; var sú konan bezt f., the most graceful, lady-like, Ísl. ii. 438; fór ílla á hestinum, it sat ill on the horse, Bs. i. 712.2. impers. it goes so and so with one, i. e. one behaves so and so: e-m ferr vel, ílla, etc., one behaves well, ill, etc.; honum hafa öll málin verst farit, he has behaved worst in the whole matter, Nj. 210; bezta ferr þér, Fms. vii. 33; vel mun þér fara, Nj. 55; at honum fari vel, 64; þer hefir vel farit til mín, Finnb. 238; e-m ferr vinveittliga, one behaves in a friendly way, Nj. 217; ferr þér þá bezt jafnan ok höfðinglegast er mest liggr við, 228; mun honum nokkurn veg vel f., Hrafn. 10; údrengiliga hefir þér farit til vár, Ld. 48; ferr þér illa, Nj. 57; hversu Gunnari fór, how ( well) G. behaved, 119.3. fara at e-u, to deal with a thing (i. e. proceed) so and so; svá skal at sókn fara, thus is the pleading to be proceeded with, Grág. i. 323; svá skal at því f. at beiða …, 7; fara at lögum, or úlögum at e-u, to proceed lawfully or unlawfully, 126; hversu at skyldi f., how they were to proceed, Nj. 114; fara mjúklega at, to proceed gently, Fms. vii. 18; hér skulu vér f. at með ráðum, to act with deliberation, Eg. 582; Flosi fór at öngu óðara ( took matters calmly), en hann væri heima, Nj. 220.β. impers. with dat., to do, behave; ílla hefir mér at farit, I have done my business badly, Hrafn. 8; veit Guð hversu hverjum manni mun at f., Fms. x. 212: in mod. phrases, to become, ironically, þér ferr það, or þér ferst það, it becomes thee, i. e. ‘tis too bad of thee.γ. hví ferr konungrinn nú svá (viz. at), Fms. i. 35; er slíkt úsæmiliga farit, so shamefully done, Nj. 82; hér ferr vænt at, here things go merrily, 232; karlmannliga er farit, manfully done, 144.δ. to mind, care about; ekki ferr ek at, þótt þú hafir svelt þik til fjár, it does not matter to me, I do not care, though …, Nj. 18; ekki munu vit at því fara ( never mind that), segir Helgi, 133.ε. fara eptir, to be in proportion; hér eptir fór vöxtr ok afl, his strength and stature were in proportion, Clar.4. fara með e-t, to wield, handle, manage; fór Hroptr með Gungni, H. wielded Gungni ( the spear), Kormak; f. með Gríðar-völ, to wield the staff G., Þd. 9: as a law term, to wield, possess; fara með goðorð, to keep a goðorð, esp. during the session of parliament, Dropl. 8, Grág. and Nj. passim; fara með sök, to manage a lawsuit, Grág., Nj.; or, fara við sök, id., Nj. 86.β. metaph. to practise, deal in; fara með rán, to deal in robbing, Nj. 73; fara með spott ok háð, to go sporting and mocking, 66; f. með fals ok dár, Pass. 16. 5; fara með galdra ok fjölkyngi, K. Þ. K. 76; f. með hindr-vitni, Grett. 111; cp. the phrase, farðu ekki með það, don’t talk such nonsense.γ. to deal with, treat, handle; þú munt bezt ok hógligast með hann fara, thou wilt deal with him most kindly and most gently, Nj. 219; fara af hljóði með e-t, to keep matters secret, id.; Ingimundr fór vel með sögum (better than sögur, acc.), Ing. dealt well with stories, was a good historian. Sturl. i. 9.δ. with dat.; fara með e-u, to do so and so with a thing, manage it; hversu þeir skyldi fara með vápnum sínum, how they were to do with their weapons, Fms. ix. 509; sá maðr er með arfinum ferr, who manages the arfr, Grág. i. 217; ef þeir fara annan veg með því fé, 216; fara með málum sínum, to manage one’s case, 46; meðan hann ferr svá með sem mælt er, 93; Gunnarr fór með öllu ( acted in all) sem honum var ráð til kennt, Nj. 100; ef svá er með farit, Ld. 152; f. vel með sínum háttum, to bear oneself well, behave well, Eg. 65; Hrafn fór með sér vel, H. bore himself well, Fms. vi. 109; undarliga fara munkar þessir með sér, they behave strangely, 188; við förum kynlega með okkrum málum, Nj. 130; vant þyki mér með slíku at fara, difficult matters to have to do with, 75; f. málum á hendr e-m, to bring an action against one, Ld. 138; fara sókn ( to proceed) sem at þingadómi, Grág. i. 463; fara svá öllu máli um sem …, 40, ii. 348; fara með hlátri ok gapi, to go laughing and scoffing, Nj. 220; cp. β above.IV. fara um, yfir e-t, to pass over slightly; nú er yfir farit um landnám, shortly told, touched upon, Landn. 320; skjótt yfir at f., to be brief, 656 A. 12; fara myrkt um e-t, to mystify a thing, Ld. 322; fara mörgum orðum um e-t, to dilate upon a subject, Fbr. 124, Nj. 248, Fms. ix. 264.β. in the phrase, fara höndum um e-t, to go with the hands about a thing, to touch it, Germ. befühlen, esp. medic. of a healing touch; jafnan fengu menn heilsubót af handlögum hans, af því er hann fór höndum um þá er sjúkir vóru, Játv. 24; ok pá fór hann höndum um hann, Bs. i. 644; þá lét Arnoddr fara aðra höndina um hann, ok fann at hann var berfættr ok í línklæðum. Dropl. 30; cp. fóru hendr hvítar hennar um þessar görvar, Fas. i. 248 (in a verse): note the curious mod. phrase, það fer að fara um mig, I began to feel uneasy, as from a cold touch or the like.γ. impers. with dat.; eigi ferr þér nær Gunnari, en Merði mundi við þik, thou camest not nearer to G. than Mord would to thee, i. e. thou art just as far from being a match for G. as Mord is to thee, Nj. 37; þá ferr honum sem öðrum, it came to pass with him as with others, 172; þá mun mér first um fara, I shall fall much short of that, Fms. vi. 362; því betr er þeim ferr öllum verr at, the worse they fare the better I am pleased, Nj. 217.V. reflex., esp. of a journey, to fare well; fórsk þeim vel, they fared well, Eg. 392, Fms. xi. 22; honum fersk vel vegrinn, he proceeded well on his journey, ii. 81; hafði allt farizt vel at, all had fared well, they had had a prosperous journey, Íb. 10; fórsk þeim þá seint um daginn, they proceeded slowly, Eg. 544; mönnum fórsk eigi vel um fenit, Fms. vii. 149; hversu þeim hafði farizk, Nj. 90; at þeim færisk vel, Ísl. ii. 343, 208, v. l.: the phrase, hamri fórsk í hægri hönd, he grasped the hammer in his right hand, Bragi; farask lönd undir, to subdue lands, Hkr. i. 134, v. l. (in a verse).2. recipr., farask hjá, to go beside one another, miss one another, pass without meeting, Nj. 9; farask á mis, id., farask í móti, to march against one another, of two hosts; þat bar svá til at hvárigir vissu til annarra ok fórusk þó í móti, Fms. viii. 63, x. 46, Fas. ii. 515.VI. part.,1. act., koma farandi, to come of a sudden or by chance; þá kómu hjarðsveinar þar at farandi, some shepherds just came, Eg. 380; Moses kom farandi til fólksins, Sks. 574; koma inn farandi, 369, Fbr. 25.2. pass. farinn, in the phrase, á förnum vegi, on ‘wayfaring,’ i. e. in travelling, passing by; finna e-n á förnum vegi, Nj. 258, K. Þ. K. 6; kveðja fjárins á förnum vegi, Grág. i. 403; also, fara um farinn veg, to pass on one’s journey; of the sun. sól var skamt farin, the sun was little advanced, i. e. early in the morning, Fms. xi. 267, viii. 146; þá var dagr alljós ok sól farin, broad day and sun high in the sky, Eg. 219; also impers., sól (dat.) var skamt farit, Úlf. 4. 10: the phrase, aldri farinn, stricken in years, Sturl. i. 212; vel farinn í andliti, well-favoured, Ld. 274; vel at orði farinn, well spoken, eloquent, Fms. xi. 193; mod., vel orði, máli farinn, and so Ld. 122; gone, þar eru baugar farnir, Grág. ii. 172; þó fætrnir sé farnir, Fas. iii. 308.β. impers. in the phrase, e-m er þannig farit, one is so and so; veðri var þannig farit, at …, the winter was such, that …, Fms. xi. 34; veðri var svá farit at myrkt var um at litask, i. e. the weather was gloomy, Grett. 111; hversu landinu er farit, what is the condition of the country, Sks. 181; henni er þannig farit, at hón er mikil ey, löng …, ( the island) is so shapen, that it is large and long, Hkr. ii. 188; er eigi einn veg farit úgæfu okkari, our ill-luck is not of one piece, Nj. 183: metaph. of state, disposition, character, er hánum vel farit, he is a well-favoured man, 15; undarliga er yðr farit, ye are strange men, 154; honum var svá farit, at hann var vesal-menni, Boll. 352: adding the prepp. at, til, þeim var úlíkt farit at í mörgu, they were at variance in many respects, Hkr. iii. 97; nú er annan veg til farit, now matters are altered, Nj. 226; nú er svá til farit, at ek vil …, now the case is, that I wish …, Eg. 714; hér er þannig til farit, … at leiðin, 582; þar var þannig til farit, Fms. xi. 34. ☞ Hence comes the mod. form varið (v instead of f), which also occurs in MSS. of the 15th century—veðri var svá varit, Sd. 181; ér honum vel varið, Lv. 80, Ld. 266, v. l.; svá er til varið, Sks. 223, 224,—all of them paper MSS. The phrase, e-m er nær farit, one is pressed; svá var honum nær farit af öllu samt, vökum ok föstu, he was nearly overcome from want of sleep and fasting.B. TRANS.I. with acc.:1. to visit; fara land herskildi, brandi, etc., to visit a land with ‘war-shield,’ fire, etc., i. e. devastate it; gékk siðan á land upp með liði sínu, ok fór allt herskildi, Fms. i. 131; land þetta mundi herskildi farit, ok leggjask undir útlenda höfðingja, iv. 357; (hann) lét Halland farit brandi, vii. 4 (in a verse); hann fór lvist eldi, 41 (in a verse); hann hefir farit öll eylönd brandi, 46 (in a verse); fara hungri hörund, to emaciate the body, of an ascetic, Sl. 71.2. to overtake, with acc.; hann gat ekki farit hann, he could not overtake ( catch) him, 623. 17; tunglit ferr sólina, the moon overtakes the sun, Rb. 116; áðr hana Fenrir fari, before Fenrir overtakes her, Vþm. 46, 47; knegut oss fálur fara, ye witches cannot take us, Hkv. Hjörv. 13; hann gat farit fjóra menn af liði Steinólfs, ok drap þá alla, … hann gat farit þá hjá Steinólfsdal, Gullþ. 29; hann reið eptir þeim, ok gat farit þá út hjá Svelgsá, milli ok Hóla, Eb. 180; Án hrísmagi var þeirra skjótastr ok getr farit sveininn, Ld. 242; viku þeir þá enn undan sem skjótast svá at Danir gátu eigi farit þá, Fms. (Knytl. S.) xi. 377 (MS., in the Ed. wrongly altered to náð þeim); hérinn hljóp undan, ok gátu hundarnir ekki farit hann (Ed. fráit wrongly), Fas. iii. 374; ok renna allir eptir þeim manni er víg vakti, … ok verðr hann farinn, Gþl. 146: cp. the phrase, vera farinn, to dwell, live, to be found here and there; þótt hann sé firr um farinn, Hm. 33.II. with dat. to destroy, make to perish; f. sér, to make away with oneself; kona hans fór sér í dísar-sal, she killed herself, Fas. i. 527; hón varð stygg ok vildi fara sér, Landn. (Hb.) 55; ef þér gangit fyrir hamra ofan ok farit yðr sjálfir, Fms. viii. 53; hví ætla menn at hann mundi vilja f. sér sjálfr, iii. 59; fara lífi, fjörvi, öndu, id.; skal hann heldr eta, en fara öndu sinni, than starve oneself to death, K. Þ. K. 130; ok verðr þá þínu fjörvi um farit, Lv. 57, Ýt. 20, Fas. i. 426 (in a verse), cp. Hkv. Hjörv. 13; mínu fjörvi at fara, Fm. 5; þú hefir sigr vegit, ok Fáfni (dat.) um farit, 23; farit hafði hann allri ætt Geirmímis, Hkv. 1. 14; ok létu hans fjörvi farit, Sól. 22; hann hafði farit mörgum manni, O. H. L. 11.β. to forfeit; fara sýknu sinni, Grág. i. 98; fara löndum ok lausafé, ii. 167.2. reflex. to perish (but esp. freq. in the sense to be drowned, perish in the sea); farask af sulti, to die of hunger, Fms. ii. 226; fellr fjöldi manns í díkit ok farask þar, v. 281; fórusk sex hundruð Vinda skipa, xi. 369; alls fórusk níu menn, Ísl. ii. 385; mun heimr farask, Eluc. 43; þá er himin ok jörð hefir farisk, Edda 12; farask af hita, mæði, Fms. ix. 47; fórsk þar byrðingrinn, 307; hvar þess er menn farask, Grág. i. 219; heldr enn at fólk Guðs farisk af mínum völdum, Sks. 732: of cattle, ef fé hins hefir troðisk eðr farisk á þá lund sem nú var tínt, Grág. ii. 286.β. metaph., fersk nú vinátta ykkur, your friendship is done with, Band. 12.γ. the phrase, farask fyrir, to come to naught, Nj. 131; at síðr mun fyrir farask nokkut stórræði, Ísl. ii. 340; en fyrir fórusk málagjöldin af konungi, the payment never took place, Fms. v. 278; lét ek þetta verk fyrir farask, vii. 158; þá mun þat fyrir farask, Fs. 20; en fyrir fórsk þat þó þau misseri, Sd. 150: in mod. usage (N. T.), to perish.δ. in act. rarely, and perhaps only a misspelling: frá því er féit fór (fórsk better), K. Þ. K. 132; fóru (better fórusk, were drowned) margir Íslenzkir menn, Bs. i. 436.3. part. farinn, as adj. gone, undone; nú eru vér farnir, nema …, Lv. 83; hans tafl var mjök svá farit, his game was almost lost, Fas. i. 523; þá er farnir vóru forstöðumenn Tróju, when the defenders of Troy were dead and gone, Ver. 36; tungl farit, a ‘dead moon,’ i. e. new moon, Rb. 34; farinn af sulti ok mæði, Fms. viii. 53; farinn at e-u, ruined in a thing, having lost it; farnir at hamingju, luckless, iv. 73; f. at vistum, xi. 33; f. at lausa-fé;. iii. 117: in some cases uncertain whether the participle does not belong to A. -
15 fjall-borg
f. a hill-fort, Stj. 380. -
16 NÓTT
* * *(gen. nætr, pl. nætr), f. night, = nátt; at miðri nótt, of miðja nótt, about midnight; um nóttina, through the night, during the night; um nóttina áðr, the preceding night; í nótt, tonight (eigi mun hann láta drepa Egil í nótt); the last night (ek ók í nótt eptir viði); nætr ok daga, both by day and by night; nóttin helga, the holy night, Christmas night.* * *f., gen. nætr, pl. nætr; the old writers mostly spell this word thus (not nátt), agreeably with its mod. sound and form; this, however, is not a real ó, but a remains of the old umlaut ́ (ńtt); nom. nótt, Sdm. 26, Hkv. 1. 2, Vþm. 24, 25, Gkv. 2. 12, Skm. 42, Alm. 29, 30, Sks. 50 new Ed.: acc. nótt, Hm. 112; miðja nótt, Grág. (Kb.) i. 36 (four times), 32, 37; þvátt-ńtt, id.: dat. nótt, Ó. H. 187, Vsp. 6; nóttina, Ó. H. 62, 72, 115, 118 (twice), 187, Íb. 12, Edda 28, 29, 89, Fb. ii. 381: dat. pl. nóttom, Vkv. 6, Hkv. 2. 51; so also in old rhymes, nótt, óttu, Fms. vi. (in a verse): the spelling with á chiefly occurs in Norse MSS. or in writers influenced by the Norwegians, dag ok nátt, Stj. 15, and so rhymed in Skíða R. 194; náttinni, Stj. 15, 16: gen. nætr, passim; náttar only in a few compds: pl. nætr, but næternar (irreg.), Kb. i. 33, 36. In most kindred Teut. languages with á, not ó: [Goth. nahts; A. S. and Engl. night; O. H. G. naht; Germ. nacht; Swed. natt; Lat. noct-is; Gr. νύξ, νυκτ-ός.] ☞ A dat. sing. nóttu is used in mod. poets, e. g. Bs. ii. 479 (in a poem of 1548); eg var að ráða árið um kring það Egill kvað á nóttu, in a ditty of Björn á Skarðsá; and even in acc., þessa nóttu þegar í óttu, það til bar, Hallgr. Pétr; but in old vellums this form is not attested; for the Jd. 39, line 8 (sáttir á einni nóttu), is a mod. conjectural addition, as the vellum (Cd. Reg.) ceases at line 7 of that verse.B. The night; en at miðri nótt, Ó. H. 187, Edda 29; of miðja nótt, id.; nótt ok degi, Sks. 54; nótt með degi, day and night, Gísl. 14; í alla nótt, all night long, Eg. 418; um nóttina, through the night, Fms. vi. 16; þá nótt, that night, Grág. ii. 322; nótt ok dag, night and day; í nótt, to-night, Eg. 283, 416: the last night, 564, Ísl. ii. 156; í alla nátt Skíða R.; um nætr sakir, for one night, Bjarn. 53: in some phrases the plur. only is used, bæði um nætr ok um daga, both by day and by night, Sks. 63 new Ed.: so also, bjóða góðar nætr ! to bid good night,—Guð gefi þér góðar nætr ! Jóla-nótt, Yule night, Grág. (Kb.) passim; haust-nótt, an autumn night; hý-nott, the bridal night; nótt ina helgu, the holy night = Germ. weih-nachten = Christmas night, Gþl. 295, 297. The years of one’s age were counted by the Yule nights, N. G. L. i. 31, 32, see the remarks to Jól:—sayings, nótt skal nema nýræða til = ἐν νυκτι βουλή, Spenser’s ‘night, they say, gives counsel best,’ Hrafnag. 22; það er tjaldað til einnar nætr, a tent raised for one night, i. e. brief and shifty; láta þar nótt sem nemr, see nema; það er ekki öll nótt úti enn. Time was (and still is) counted, not by days, but by nights (as years are by winters); eigi síðarr en nótt sé af þingi, Grág. i. 101; enda skal eigi Leið vera fyrr en fjórtán nætr eru frá alþingi, 122; tveggja nátta Leið, id.; sjau nóttum fyrir sumar, ii. 244; þá er sextán nætr eru liðnar frá þingi, 80; nefna féránsdóm fjórtán nóttum eptir vápna-tak, 81; fám nóttum siðarr, Bs. i. 321; hann var eigi lengr á Leið en þrjár nætr, Fms. ix. 267; níu nóttum síðarr, Edda 23; þrjátigi nóttum síðar, Bs.: hence, mánuðr þritog-náttar, a calendar month, Íb. 7, K. Þ. K., cp. ein-nættr, etc.; an infant is in Iceland said to be so many ‘nights’ old, tíu nátta gamalt, einnar nætr. So Tacitus tells us that the Germans of his day, nec dierum numerum ut nos sed noctium computant, Germ. ch. 11; it still survives in Engl. ‘fort-night:’—in poetry the winter is called bear’s night (bjarnar-nótt, húns-nótt), Edda, Fas. i. (in a verse), Rekst.II. mythical, Nótt, the giantess Night, daughter of Nörfi and the mother of Earth and Day, Edda, Sdm., Vþm.C. COMPDS:I. náttar-: náttar-lega, u, f. night-quarters, Boldt 169. náttar-tal, n. a tale or number of nights, Mar. náttar-tími, a, m. = nætrtími, Stj. 16, 71, Fas. ii. 371. náttar-þel, n., in the phrase, á náttarþeli, at dead of the night, Fms. vii. 57, x. 413, Rd. 284, Orkn. 74, Bs. i. 139, N. G. L. i. 62.II. nætr-: nætr-björg, f. help through the night, Bjarn. 43. nætr-elding, f. the ‘eld of night,’ i. e. the end of night (see elding), Fms. iv. 263, xi. 241, Hrafn. 20, Stj. 787. nætr-ferðir, f. pl. night wanderings, Fas. iii. 478. nætr-friðr, m. peace, truce during the night, Fbr. 98, v. l. nætr-frost, n. a night frost. nætr-fyllr, f. one night’s fill, N. G. L. i. 144. nætr-gagn, n. a chamber-pot. nætr-gali, a, m. [from the Dan. nattergal, Germ. nachtigall], the nightingale, (mod.) nætr-gamall, adj. one nigbt old, Rb. 522. nætr-gestr, m. a night guest, one who stays the night, Gullþ. 30. nætr-gisting, f. the staying a night. nætr-greiði, a, m. a night’s entertainment, Fas. i. 94. nætr-greiðing, f. = nætrgreiði, Fas. iii. 209, 219. nætr-göltr, n. a roving about by night. nætr-kuldi, a, m. night-cold, Stj. 97. nætr-langt, n. adj. night-long. Fas. i. 77. nætr-ligr, adj. nocturnal, Sks. 627. nætr-skemtan, f. night-enjoyment (euphem. = cohabitation), Fas. iii. 210. nætr-staðr, m. = náttstaðr; in the saying, einginn ræðr sínum nætrstað. nætr-tími, a, m. night-time. nætr-vist, f. night-quarters, Fms. i. 69. -
17 rása
(að), v.1) to rush on headlong (sliks er mér ván, þú fórt rasandi mjök); r. fyrir ráð fram, to blunder grievously;2) to stumble (hestr rasaði undir honum).* * *að, to race, run, esp. of flocks on mountain pastures running against the wind; það rásar gegn vindi, or simply rása. -
18 TRÉ
* * *(pl. tré, gen. trjá, dat. trjám), n.1) tree (höggva t. í skógi); eigi felir t. við it fyrsta högg, the tree falls not at the first stroke;3) tree, rafter, beam, cf. þvertré;* * *n., gen. trés, dat. acc. tré; pl. tré, gen. trjá; spelt treo, Stj. 14, 74, Barl. 138; dat. trjám; with the article tré-it, mod. tréð; [Ulf. triu = ξύλον; A. S. treow; Engl. tree; Dan. træ; Swed. trä, träd, the d representing the article; in Germ. this word is lost, or only remains in compds, see apaldr]:—a tree, Lat. arbor; askrinn er allra trjá mestr, Edda 10; hamra, hörga, skóga, vötn, tré ok öll önnur blót, Fms. v. 239; höggva upp tré, Gullþ. 50; rætr eins trés, Fms. x. 219; höggva tré í skógi, Grág. ii. 296, Glúm. 329; milli trjá tveggja, 656 B. 4; lauf af tré, Fs. 135; barr af limum trés þess, er …, Edda; tvau tré, Ask ok Emblu, id.; ymr it aldna tré, Vsp.: of trees used as gallows, ef ek sé á tré uppi, váfa virgil-ná, Hm. 158; skolla við tré, Fms. vii. (in a verse); cp. the Swed. allit. galge ok gren: hence of the cross, 655 xvi. A. 2, Fms. vi. 227, Vídal. passim; and so in mod. eccl. writers. Sayings, eigi fellr tré við it fyrsta högg, the tree falls not at the first stroke, Nj. 224; falls er ván at fornu tré, of a person old and on the verge of the grave, Ísl. ii. 415; tré tekr at hníga ef höggr tág undan, Am. 69.II. wood (= Lat. lignum); hann sat á tré einu, Fms. i. 182; tré svá mikit at hann kemr því eigi ór flæðar-máli, Grág. ii. 351; at þar ræki tró sextugt … súlur er hann let ór trénu göra, Gísl. 140.2. the mast of a ship; ok skyldi standa tréit, Fms. ix. 301; æsti storminn svá at sumir hjoggu tréin, x. 136; lét hann eigi setja hæra enn í mitt tré, Orkn. 260; viti hafði brenndr verit, ok var brunnit mjök tréit, Finnb. 232; á skipi Munans brotnaði tréit, Fms. viii. 209, (siglu-tré = mast.)3. a tree, rafter, beam; sax eðr saxbönd, hvert tré þeirra er missir, N. G. L. i. 100; ok ef hús fellr niðr, þá skal ekki tré af elda, 240; þver-tré, a cross-tree, Nj. 201, 202.4. the seat of a privy; gengr til kamars eðr setzk á tré, Grág. ii. 119.B. IN COMPDS, made of wood. tré-bolli, a, m. a wooden bowl, Vm. 110. tré-borg, f. a ‘tree-burgh,’ wood-fort, Eg. 244, Fms. viii. 113. tré-bót, f. as a nickname, Sturl. tré-brú, f. a wooden bridge, Þjal. 53. tré-drumbr, m. a drum of wood, log, Fms. vi. 179, v. l. tré-fótr, m. a wooden leg, Eb. 66, Bs. i. 312; the phrase, ganga á tréfótum, to go on wooden legs, of a thing in a tottering, bad state, Fb. ii. 300; það gengr allt á tréfótum. tré-guð, n. wooden idols, MS. 4. 68. tré-hafr, m. a wood-goat, Fb. i. 320. tré-hús, n. a wooden house, Fms. vii. 100, D. N. ii. 152. tré-hválf, n. a wooden ceiling, Bs. i. 251. tré-höll, f. a wooden hall, Fms. ix. 326. tre-kastali, a, m. = treborg, Sks. 423. tré-kefli, n. a wooden stick, Orkn. 150, Sturl. i. 15. tré-ker, n. a wooden vessel, Stj. 268, Karl. 546. tré-kirkja, u, f. a wooden church, Fms. xi. 271, Hkr, ii. 180. tré-kross, m. a wooden cross, Vm. 38. tré-kumbr ( tré-kubbr), m. a log, Barl. 165. tré-kylfa, u, f. a wooden club, Sturl. i. 15. tré-kyllir, m. a ‘wood-bag,’ name of a ship, Grett., whence Trékyllis-vík, f. a local name. tré-köttr, m. a ‘wooden cat,’ a mouse-trap, mod. fjala-köttr; svá veiddr sem mús undir tréketti, Niðtst. 106. tré-lampr, m. a wooden lamp, Ám. 51, Pm. 108, tré-laust, n. adj. treeless, Karl. 461. tre-lektari, a, m. a wooden reading-desk, Pm. 6. tré-ligr, adj. of wood, Mar. tré-lurkr, m. a wood-cudgel, Glúm. 342. tré-maðr, m. a ‘wood-man,’ Fms. iii. 100; carved poles in the shape of a man seem to have been erected as harbour-marks, cp. the remarks s. v. hafnar-mark (höfn B); in Hm. 48, of a way-mark; a huge tré-maðr (an idol?) is mentioned in Ragn. S. fine, (Fas. i. 298, 299); the Ask and Embla (Vsp.) are also represented as ‘wood-men’ without living souls. tré-níð, n., see níð, Grág. ii. 147, N. G. L. i. 56. tré-reiði, a, m. wooden equipments, harness, Jb. 412, Sturl. iii. 71 (of a ship, mast, oars, etc.), K. Þ. K. 88 (of horse-harness). tré-ræfr, n. a wooden roof, Þjal. 53. tré-saumr, m. wooden nails, Ann. 1189. tré-serkr, m. a wooden coat; in tréserkja-bani, as a nickname, Fas. ii. 6. tré-skapt, n. a wooden handle, Grett. 141. tré-skál, f. a wooden bowl, Dipl. iii. 4. tré-skjöldr, n. a wooden shield, Gþl. 105. tré-skrín, n. a wooden shrine, Landn. 51 (Hb.), Vm. 54. tré-smiðr, m. a craftsman in wood, carpenter, Bs. i. 858, Karl. 396, Rétt. 2. 10. tré-smíði, n. and tré-smíð, f. craft in wood, wood-carving, Bs. i. 680; hann (the steeple) bar eigi miðr af öllum trésmíðum á Íslandi en kirkjan sjálf, 132; hagr á trésmíði, Stj. 561. tré-spánn, m. wood-chips, Ó. H. tré-spjald, n. a wooden tablet, such as was used in binding books; forn bók í tréspjöldum, Ám. 35, Pm. 131, Vm. 126. tré-stabbi (tré-stobbi, Ó. H. 72; -stubbi, Fb. i. 433), a, m. = trédrumbr, Fms. vi. 179. tre-stokkr, m. the ‘stock of a tree,’ block of wood, Fms. ii. 75. tré-stólpi, a, m. a wooden pillar, Fb. ii. 87. tré-telgja, u, f. a wood-carver, a nickname, Yngl. S. tré-toppr, m. a tree-top, Al. 174. tré-virki, n. a wooden engine, Sks 425, Bs. i. 872. tré-þak, n. a timber roof, Bs. i. 163. tré-ör, f. a wooden arrow, as a signal, N.G,L. i. 102, Gþl. 83.II. plur., trjá-lauf, n. leaves of trees, Stj. trjá-heiti, n. pl. names of trees, Edda (Gl.) 85. -
19 borgararmr
m. arm, wing of a fort. -
20 borgargørð
f. building of a fort.
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